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A Conceptual Design Report (CDR) of a large-scale accelerator facility based on the beta-beam concept for the production of pure electron neutrino beams will be produced. The Beta Beams facility could be an electron neutrino source of unprecedented purity and intensity with a physics reach (CP violation) well beyond present and planned neutrino facilities.
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Internal Task note
Conceptual Design Report for a Beta-Beam Facility (long version)
A. Bechtold, M. Benedikt, F. Borgnolutti, E. Bouquerel, L. Bozyk, J. Bruer, A. Chancé, P. Delahaye, ...
The Beta-Beam project is a concept of large scale facility that aims at providing pure electronic neutrino and antrineutrino beams for the measurement of nu_e --> nu_µ oscillations, offering unprecedented sensitivity for detection of the Theta_13 mixing angle and CP violating phase. In the scenario presented in different publications [1-3], a Beta-Beam facility could be advantageously placed at CERN making use of the PS and SPS for accelerating the beta-decaying, neutrino-emitting beams to a Lorentz gamma of 100. Intense beams of 6He and 18Ne would be produced using the so-called “isotope-separation on line” ISOL method in a facility of the scale of EURISOL. The synergy between the two projects was pointed out in [4]. The task 12 of the EURISOL design study aimed at producing a conceptual design report for the accelerator chain of a EURISOL/CERN-baseline Beta-Beam facility. This document summarizes the achievements made during the time of the study and constitutes the final conceptual report of the beta-beam facility. References [1] B. Autin, M. Benedikt, M. Grieser, S. Hancock, H. Haseroth, A. Jansson, U. Köster, M. Lindroos, S. Russenschuck and F. Wenander, \"The acceleration and storage of radioactive ions for a neutrino factory\", CERN/PS 2002-078 (OP), Nufact Note 121, J. Phys. G 29 (2003) 1785-1796 and long internal CERN version, PS/OP/Note 2002-181. [2] M.Mezzetto, \"Physics reach of the beta-beam\", J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 29 (2003) 1771–1776 [3] J. Bouchez, M. Lindroos and M. Mezzetto, 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams; NuFact 03. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 721, pp. 37-47 (2004). [4] Letter of Intent: FP6 Design Study for a beta-beam facility , September, 2003
Conceptual Design Report for a Beta-Beam Facility
A. Bechtold, M. Benedikt, F. Borgnolutti, E. Bouquerel, L. Bozyk, A. Chancé, P. Delahaye, A. Fabich...
The Beta-Beam project is a concept of large scale facility that aims at providing pure electronic neutrino and antrineutrino beams for the measurement of nu_e --> nu_µ oscillations, offering unprecedented sensitivity for detection of the Theta_13 mixing angle and CP violating phase. In the scenario presented in different publications [1-3], a Beta-Beam facility could be advantageously placed at CERN making use of the PS and SPS for accelerating the beta-decaying, neutrino-emitting beams to a Lorentz gamma of 100. Intense beams of 6He and 18Ne would be produced using the so-called “isotope-separation on line” ISOL method in a facility of the scale of EURISOL. The synergy between the two projects was pointed out in [4]. The task 12 of the EURISOL design study aimed at producing a conceptual design report for the accelerator chain of a EURISOL/CERN-baseline Beta-Beam facility. This document summarizes the achievements made during the time of the study and constitutes the final conceptual report of the beta-beam facility.
References
[1] B. Autin, M. Benedikt, M. Grieser, S. Hancock, H. Haseroth, A. Jansson, U. Köster, M. Lindroos, S. Russenschuck and F. Wenander, \"The acceleration and storage of radioactive ions for a neutrino factory\", CERN/PS 2002-078 (OP), Nufact Note 121, J. Phys. G 29 (2003) 1785-1796 and long internal CERN version, PS/OP/Note 2002-181.
[2] M.Mezzetto, \"Physics reach of the beta-beam\", J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 29 (2003) 1771–1776
[3] J. Bouchez, M. Lindroos and M. Mezzetto, 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams; NuFact 03. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 721, pp. 37-47 (2004).
[4] Letter of Intent: FP6 Design Study for a beta-beam facility , September, 2003
Decay ring design
A. Chancé, E. Bouquerel, S. Hancock, E. Jensen and J. Payet
The study of the neutrino oscillation between its different flavours needs pure
and very intense fluxes of high energy, well collimated neutrinos with a well
determined energy spectrum. A dedicated machine seems to be necessary
nowadays to reach the required flux. A new concept based on the β-decay
of radioactive ions which were accelerated in an accelerator chain was then
proposed. After ion production, stripping, bunching and acceleration, the unstable
ions are then stored in a racetrack-shaped superconducting decay ring.
Finally, the ions are accumulated in the decay ring until being lost. The incoming
beam is merged to the stored beam by using a specific RF system, which
will be presented here.
We propose here to study some aspects of the decay ring, such as its optical
properties, its RF system or the management of the losses which occur in the
ring (mainly by decay or by collimation).
Design of low energy ring(s)
Antoine LACHAIZE
André TKATCHENKO
During the last two years, several upgrades of the initial baseline scenario were studied with the aim of increasing the average intensity of ion beams in the accelerator chain of the Beta Beam complex. This is the reason why the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) specifications were reconsidered many times [1], [2], [3].
General considerations on the optical design were presented at the Beta Beam Task Meetings held at CERN and at Saclay in 2005 [4]. More detailed beam optics studies were performed during the next months. Lattices, RF system parameters, multi-turn injection scheme, fast extraction, closed orbit correction and chromaticity correction systems were proposed for different versions of the RCS [5], [6], [7].
Finally, the RCS specifications have stabilized in November 2006 after the fourth Beta Beam Task Meeting when it was decided to fix the maximum magnetic rigidity of ion beams to 14.47 T.m (3.5 GeV equivalent proton energy) and to adopt a ring physical radius of 40 m in order to facilitate injection in the CERN PS.
The present report describes this RCS new design which is based on the results of the previous studies and which fulfils all updated requirements.
Ion acceleration in PS and SPS
M. Benedikt, S. Hancock
Ion acceleration in the PS and SPS is a routine operation since many years. Different ion types from light ions such as sulphur up to heavy ions such as lead have been accelerated. This document summarizes the results of the study realized within FP6 for the acceleration of the Beta-Beam nuclides 6He and 18Ne.
Preliminary considerations on the RCS option
A. Tkatchenko, IPN Orsay
First considerations are given on the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the Beta-Beam facility.
Presentation at the first task meeting, 14/04/2005.
Excitation of half-integer resonances by random quadrupole field errors in the BETA-BEAM RCS
A.Lachaize and A.Tkatchenko
CNRS, IPNO, France
The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the Beta-Beam facility has been designed to operate
with horizontal and vertical tunes between 6 and 7 in order to avoid systematic
resonances up to the fourth order. Nevertheless, unavoidable magnet imperfections may
excite non systematic second order resonances which may pertub particle motion.
In this paper an Hamiltonian treatment based on a well established formalism [1-3] is used to analyze the resonance excitation and to suggest correction schemes minimizing their effects.
[1] A. Schoch. Theory of linear and non linear perturbations of betatron oscillations in
alternating gradient synchrotrons. CERN 52-21, 1958.
[2] G. Guignard. A general treatment of resonances in accelerators. CERN 78-11, 1978.
[3] J-L. Laclare, G. Leleux, and A. Tkatchenko. Resonnances quadrupolaires- aleatoires
quadrupolaires et corrections. DSS-GERS- 74-91/TP-06, 1974.
The EURISOL Beta-beam Facility: Parameter and Intensity Values, Version 3
M. Benedikt
A. Fabich
S. Hancock
M. Lindroos
The previous “version”, numbered 2 [1] and published in summer 2005, describes the EURISOL baseline parameters and intensities based on an RCS injection energy of 2.5 GeV proton equivalent. In the course of the past two years, the RCS ejection energy has been upgraded to overcome potential space charge difficulties. Maintaining the “top-down” analysis for the intensities along the accelerator chain, the database of baseline parameters [2] has been updated.
[1] M. Benedikt, A. Fabich, S. Hancock and M. Lindroos, \"The EURISOL Beta-beam facility parameter and intensity values, version 2, July 2005\", EURISOL DS/TASK12/TN‑05‑03 (2005).
[2] http://cern.ch/beta-beam-parameters/
Beta Beams for neutrino production: Heat deposition from decaying ions in superconducting magnets
Elena Wildner/ CERN-AT-MCS, Frederick Jones/ TRIUMF (Canada), Francesco Cerutti/ CERN-AB-ATB
This note describes studies of energy deposition in superconducting magnets from secondary ions in the “beta beam” decay ring as described in the base-line scenario of the EURISOL Beta Beam Design Study. The lattice structure proposed in the Design Study has absorber elements inserted between the superconducting magnets to protect the magnet coils. We describe an efficient and small model made to carry out the study. The specially developed options in the beam code “ACCSIM” to track largely off-momentum particles has permitted to extract the necessary information to interface the transport and interaction code “FLUKA” with the aim to calculate the heat deposition in the magnets and the absorbers. The two beta emitters 18Ne10+ and 6He2+ used for neutrino and anti-neutrino production and their daughter ions have been tracked. The absorber system proposed in the Design Study is efficient to intercept the ions decayed in the arc straight sections as foreseen, however, the continuous decay in the dipoles induce a large power deposition in the magnet mid-plane. This suggests a different magnet design, like an open mid-plane magnet structure (such a magnet has been designed for this purpose) and/or protecting liners inside the magnets. The power deposited in the superconducting magnets is, with the layout proposed in the Design Study, below the recommended value of 10 W/m.
The work described was done in collaboration between CERN and TRIUMF, Canada\'s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics, during a 2 month’s visit of one person at TRIUMF. The work was supported by the European Isotope Separation On-Line Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, EURISOL, in which “beta beams” is one of the work packages
The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of the EURISOL Beta-Beam facility
A. Lachaize and A. Tkatchenko
During the last two years, several upgrades of the initial baseline scenario were studied with the aim of increasing the average intensity of ion beams in the accelerator chain of the Beta Beam complex. This is the reason why the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) specifications were reconsidered many times.
General considerations on the optical design were presented at the Beta Beam Task Meetings held at CERN and at Saclay in 2005 (http://beta-beam.web.cern.ch/beta-beam/). More detailed beam optics studies were performed during the next months. Lattices, RF system parameters, multi-turn injection scheme, fast extraction, closed orbit correction and chromaticity correction systems were proposed for different versions of the RCS.
Finally, the RCS specifications have stabilized in November 2006 after the fourth Beta Beam Task Meeting when it was decided to fix the maximum magnetic rigidity of ion beams to 14.47 T.m (3.5 GeV equivalent proton energy) and to adopt a ring physical radius of 40 m in order to facilitate injection in the CERN PS.
The present report describes this RCS new design which is based on the results of the previous studies and which fulfils all updated requirements.
Monochromatic neutrino beams from the decay of rare earth nuclei
Matthew A. Fraser
With the recent discovery of rare-earth nuclei which decay fast through electron capture to single final states in Gamow Teller resonances, interest has ignited in the possibility of using the beta-beam accelerator facility to produce a monochromatic beam of electron neutrinos. This study is part of a Summer Studentship in the Beta-beam project in EURISOL DS and evaluates the ion intensities and incoherent Laslett tune-shifts in each machine for four rare-earth ions 148Dy, 150Dy, 150Ho and 152Tm. The simulation of the accelerator chain is a modified version of the Mathematica notebook intensities.nb [see Appendix], incorporating the four nuclei investigated, accumulation at low energy in the RCS and a vacuum stripping half-life of 60 seconds.
Poster: The EURISOL Beta-beam facility
EURISOL Beta-beam task
The beta-beam concept for the generation of an electron (anti-)neutrino beam was proposed by Piero Zucchelli (CERN) in 2002. A first study of the possibility of using the existing CERN machines for the acceleration for radioactive ions to a relativistic gamma of roughly 100, for later storage in a new decay ring of approximately the size of SPS, was made in 2002. The results from this very first short study were very encouraging.
In 2004 it was decided to incorporate a design study for the beta-beam within the EURISOL DS proposal. EURISOL is a project name for a next-generation radioactive beam facility based on the ISOL method for the production of intense radioactive beams for nuclear physics, astrophysics and other applications. The proposal was accepted with the beta-beam task as an integral part. The design study officially started 1 February 2005 and will run for 4 years resulting in a conceptual design report for a beta-beam facility.
Updated RF characteristics of the Beta-beam RCS
A. Lachaize, CNRS/IN2P3/IPNO, Orsay, France
The purpose of this paper is to present the RF characteristics of the Beta-Beam Rapid Cycling Synchrotron.
The synchronous phase and the voltage in the cavities during the cycle are calculated for two values of the repetition rate : 10Hz (baseline scenario) and 20Hz (possible future upgrade).
Estimate of eddy current effects in the vacuum chamber of the BETA-BEAM RCS
A. Lachaize
The purpose of this paper is to investigate eddy current effects in the vacuum chamber of the Beta-Beam Rapid Cycling Synchrotron.
Field components induced by eddy-currents are calculated and their effects on the ring chromaticity and tunes are evaluated. Finally a chromaticity correction scheme preserving a large dynamic aperture is presented.
Database of the Parameter List for the EURISOL Beta-Beam Task
N. Emelianenko, A. Fabich, E. Wildner
Oracle Beta-Beam database: report generated from the database Dec. 1 2009. The on-line database is accessible at http://beta-beam-parameters.web.cern.ch/beta-beam-parameters/. Database & Web design: Natalia Emelianenko, CERN. Content: Adrian Fabich, CERN.
Preliminary design of a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron for the EURISOL Beta-Beam Facility
A. Lachaize, A. Tkatchenko
General considerations concerning the optical design of the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) for the Beta Beam facility have been presented on the occasion of the two Beta Beam task meetings held at CERN in April 2005 and at Saclay in last October [1].
Following the trends identified during these meetings and taking into account the updated baseline scenario described in [2], we present here the main characteristics of a RCS pulsed at 10 Hz and capable of accelerating ion beams to energies corresponding to 3.2 GeV protons (magnetic rigidity of 13.4 T.m). A parameter list for the main magnets and for the accelerating system is proposed and first simulation results of the multiturn injection and the fast extraction schemes are given.
Decay losses along the accelerator chain of the EURISOL Beta-beam baseline design
A. Fabich, M. Benedikt
The Beta-beam is based on the acceleration and storage of radioactive ions. Due to the large number of ions required and their relatively short lifetime, beam losses due to decay are a major concern.
This note presents an estimation of the decay losses for the Betabeam along the accelerator chain that comprises the CERN PS and SPS machines. For illustration purposes, the power deposition in the accelerators is compared to the nominal CNGS proton operation.
The EURISOL Beta-beam Facility: Parameter and Intensity Values, Version 2
M. Benedikt, A. Fabich, S. Hancock, M. Lindroos
An initial “bottom-up” analysis of ion intensities along the accelerator chain is revised to take into account more recent simulations of the stacking of 18Ne ions in the decay ring and beneficial trends in output flux as functions of certain machine parameters. In addition, space charge detuning at injection in the PS has led to a rethink of the top energy of the RCS, while that at injection in the SPS has had an impact on the number of bunches per batch delivered by the PS. We present transverse emittance values (which enter the space charge tune shift calculations) together with an updated list of intensities for both ion species under consideration in the baseline scenario.
Parameter and Intensity Values, Version 1, April 2005
M. Benedikt, S. Hancock, M. Lindroos
The flux out of the Beta-beam facility is determined by the number of ions that can be produced, by the number remaining after acceleration and by the total accumulated in the decay ring. We present a “bottom-up” analysis of the ion intensities along the accelerator chain and of the neutrino and antineutrino flux out of the decay ring, starting with the rate at which atoms are transported out of the target.
Simulation of the losses by decay in the decay ring for the beta-beams
A. Chance, J. Payet
Simulation of the losses by decay in the decay ring for the beta-beams
First design for the optics of the decay ring of the beta-beams
A. Chance, J. Payet
In this note, we will focus on the study of the design of
a decay ring at the first and second orders.
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